1. US Trade with Major Countries in 2019

Below table 2's source is "The China Custom", and differnt from the table1,figures of US "Census Basia", US Departmen of Commerce.

USA had recorded huge amount of trade deficit with China, every year. 　This is the cause why American has started the trade war against China. The American economy has been declining for several decades, because the economic philosophy of 'globalization'. USA believed it should keep within the border, the most competitive economic sectors, for instance, finanse, airspace, car, computor and IT. USA gave up steel industry, electronics , clothing, footware etc.

It’s a central feature of Donald Trump’s presidential campaign ; “make America great again”, But Trump has been not successful.
Some light industries came back a little, and workers of manufacturing industries increased a little, but unemplayment ratio decreased to 3.5%, at the end of 2019.
Although Trump often seems disconnected from reality, on this issue he has a point. In 2019, USA decreased import and export very little. The situation has not getting better.

The btrade war between USA and China is getting fierce.USA imported from China,-16.2%. Because USA immposed hevy tax to China. China also decreased import from USA -10.9%.

The imports from China should be included Honglong, because Hongkong has been eepted heavy duty from USA, so Chines companies tried to eexport to USA via Hong Kong, but number is so samll, only 5,279 million $ from Hong Kong. But when we use the Chinese Statistics of Trade, Chinese governmennt uses the direct export from China only, so its number is compatatively small.

USA shifted import from China to other countries, for instance from Europe and ASEAN.and India.

Table 1 US trade with majr countries (million$,%) depending upon US statistics.

In his recent book "Economics Rules," Harvard economist Dani Rodrik laments how economists often portray a public consensus while disagreeing strongly in private. In effect, economists behave like scientists behind closed doors, but as preachers when dealing with the public.

Nowhere is this evangelism clearer than on the issue of trade. Ask any economist what issue they agree on, and the first answer you’re likely to hear is “free trade is good.” The general public disagrees vehemently, but economists are almost unanimous on this point.

But look at actual economics research, and you will find a very different picture. The most recent example is a paper by celebrated labor economists David Autor, David Dorn and Gordon Hanson, titled “The China Shock: Learning from Labor Market Adjustment to Large Changes in Trade.” The study shows that increased trade with China caused severe and permanent harm to many American workers:

Adjustment in local labor markets is remarkably slow, with wages and labor-force participation rates remaining depressed and unemployment rates remaining elevated for at least a full decade after the China trade shock commences. Exposed workers experience greater job churning and reduced lifetime income. At the national level, employment has fallen in U.S. industries more exposed to import competition...but offsetting employment gains in other industries have yet to materialize.

Autor, et al. show powerful evidence that industries and regions that have been more exposed to Chinese import competition since 2000 -- the year China joined the World Trade Organization -- have been hit hard and have not recovered. Workers in these industries and regions don't go on to better jobs, or even similar jobs in different industries. Instead, they shuffle from low-paid job to low-paid job, never recovering the prosperity they had before Chinese competition hit. Many of them end up on welfare. This is very different from earlier decades, when workers who lost their jobs to import competition usually went into higher-productivity industries, to the benefit of almost everyone.

In other words, the public might have been wrong about free trade in the 1980s and 1990s, but things have changed. Popular opinion seems to be exactly right about the effect of trade with China -- it has killed jobs and damaged the lives of many, many Americans. Economists may blithely declare that free trade is wonderful, but our best researchers have now shown that public misgivings about these smooth assurances have been completely justified.

Why are economists so willing to declare to the world that free trade is good, even after reading papers like the one by Autor et al.? Part of the problem is the definition of “good.” According to most models of trade, reducing trade barriers raises efficiency -- which is to say, total gross domestic product. But efficiency says nothing about fairness, and almost any model of trade will show that some people, industries and regions lose out. If most Americans experience slight gains from lower import prices, and a few lose their livelihoods and have to go on welfare, economists call that a “good” outcome, because they are so focused on the concept of efficiency. But because the public cares about a lot more than efficiency, the job losses in industries and regions knocked out by China since 2000 have made economists seem increasingly callous and out of touch.

But this is only part of the problem. Economists are also stubbornly unwilling to question their benchmark theories, even when the evidence presents a challenge to these theories. The fact that Autor et al. find total national employment declining in response to trade with China should be cause for concern. Standard trade models, especially the simple ones taught in Econ 101, predict that this shouldn’t have happened. Autor et al. sternly rebuke the economics profession for relying too much on theory, and not enough on evidence, when it comes to the issue of trade:

We argue that having failed to anticipate how significant the dislocations from trade might be, it is incumbent on the economics literature to more convincingly estimate gains from trade, such that the case for free trade is not based on theory alone, but on a foundation of evidence.

The authors suggest that real-world economies may simply be much worse at adjusting to big changes than most economic models assume. It is expensive and time-consuming for workers to train for new jobs and to move to new locations. It also takes time and money for businesses to figure out how to change their business models in response to the new landscape presented by a global economy with China in it. These adjustment costs might overwhelm the gains from trade.

In the case of China, Autor et al.’s warning may come too late. China’s economy is slowing and its costs are rising rapidly. No new prospective trade partners will be able to replicate anything close to the China shock. In other words, the unique problems created by trade with China might have been a one-off event. But economists should still re-evaluate their benchmark theories, and ease up in their adamant rhetoric in favor of free trade.

Conclusions
• In 2014, the U.S. goods trade deficit with China increased by
7.5 percent year-on-year to $342.6 billion, a new record. In the
first eight months of 2015, the U.S. trade deficit in goods with
China totaled $237.3 billion, a 9.7 percent increase year-onyear.
Over the same period, U.S. deficit with China in advanced
technology products reached $72.7 billion. China stalled
on liberalizing key sectors in which the United States is competitive
globally, such as services.
• As a consequence of domestic economic weakness, China’s stated
rebalancing policies appear to have been put on hold. Instead,
fearful of a protracted slowdown, the Chinese government
has been intervening in various sectors of the economy,
including the stock market. However, the government’s intervention,
which failed to arrest the stock market’s fall and stabilize
the economy, undermined public confidence in the ability
of China’s policymakers to successfully manage the economy.
• Although it has been ten years since China moved the renminbi
(RMB) to a managed float, the government continues to
intervene in foreign exchange markets. For the first half of
2015 the government has prevented the RMB from depreciating,
seeking its inclusion in the International Monetary
Fund’s Special Drawing Rights basket of reserve currencies.
However, on August 11, the People’s Bank of China unexpectedly
devalued the RMB, giving rise to fears among observers
and policymakers that the economic slowdown was becoming
entrenched.
• The U.S. government’s efforts to address tensions in the U.S.-
China relationship through bilateral dialogue continue to yield
limited results. The latest Strategic and Economic Dialogue
concluded with some progress on environmental and financial
issues, but reached an impasse in addressing fundamental
strategic and economic issues such as cybersecurity, anticorruption
cooperation, and investment barriers to foreign
firms in many industries.
• President Xi came to the United States in September on a
state visit, and although Presidents Obama and Xi discussed
several issues of concern, including commercial cyber espionage
by Chinese actors, there were few significant breakthroughs.
Among outcomes were the statements by the two presidents
that neither country will engage in cyber espionage (though
China continued to deny any involvement in commercial cyber

theft) and commitments to enhance cooperation on combatting
climate change.
• China’s adherence to the World Trade Organization principles
and its Protocol of Accession remains spotty. Most recently, the
Office of the U.S. Trade Representative has engaged China
over a program that provides export subsidies considered illegal
by the World Trade Organization to businesses in seven
critical industries.
• China launched two new development institutions: the Asian
Infrastructure Investment Bank and the New Development
Bank. In addition to boosting China’s economy by creating export
opportunities for its companies, the new banks aim to extend
China’s role in the international economic order, potentially
challenging established multilateral development institutions.

Section 2: Foreign Investment Climate in China
Although China has been a major destination for global foreign
direct investment (FDI) over the past decade, it maintains the most
restrictive FDI regime among all Organization for Economic Co-Operation
and Development (OECD) and G20 countries, according to
the OECD. The U.S. Department of State estimates that in addition
to over 1,000 rules and regulatory documents related to FDI
in China issued by central government ministries, local legislatures
and governments also enact their own restrictive rules and regulations
on foreign investments in their jurisdictions. Further, Chinese
government administrators seek to ensure inbound FDI supports
industrial policy goals—designed to bolster the development
of domestic industries and the creation of national champions—by
identifying different industries as desirable for or restricted from
foreign investment. Taken together, these laws and policies—and
uncertain application thereof—create a complicated, opaque, and
unfavorable environment for foreign investment.

As a result of this restrictive legal and regulatory environment,
the foreign investment climate in China is deteriorating. Though
the majority of U.S. firms still consider China a profitable market,
optimism about future operations and profitability there is waning.
Foreign companies felt the least welcome in sectors where China’s
industrial policies favor domestic companies and authorities impose
localization requirements. Some of the problems highlighted by foreign
companies are the lack of market access in certain sectors and
the conditioning of market access on the transfer of technology, intellectual
property (IP), or know-how to local competitors.

China primarily maintains national-level market access restrictions
through a Foreign Investment Catalogue, though local governments
frequently employ region- or industry-specific Catalogues, further
restricting access. Though Chinese authorities released an updated
version of the Foreign Investment Catalogue in 2015 that reduced
the number of sectors where foreign investment is restricted and
prohibited, industries the Chinese government has long sought to
nurture as national champions—such as automobiles and healthcare—
saw heightened restrictions.
VerDate Sep

		2005	2010	2016	2017	2018	2019	18/17	19/18
World Ttl	Export	913,016	1,271,972	1,468,552	1,531,835	1,652,113	1,633,066	7.9	-1.2
	Import	1,695,820	1,938,950	2,207,195	2,358,789	2,561,667	2,519,049	8.6	-1.7
	Balance	-782,804	-666,978	-738,643	-826,954	-909,554	-885,983	10.0	-2.6
Japn	Export	54,817	61,472	63,811	68,298	75,958	75,321	11.2	-0.8
	Import	140,388	122,929	134,138	138,209	144,410	145,534	4.5	0.8
	Balance	-85,571	-61,457	-70,327	-69,911	-68,452	-70,213	-2.1	2.6
China	Export	41,874	93,059	115,991	130,280	120,829	107,719	-7.3	-10.9
	Import	244,699	366,126	463,089	506,038	540,431	452,700	6.8	-16.2
	Balance	-202,825	-273,067	-347,098	-375,758	-419,602	-344,981	11.7	-17.8
Hong Kong	Export	16,866	27,531	35,545	40,630	38,228	31,648	-5.9	-17.2
	Import	9,692	4,696	7,783	7,775	6,805	5,279	-12.5	-22.4
	Balance	7,174	22,835	27,762	32,855	31,423	26,369	-4.4	-16.1
China+HK	Export	58,740	120,590	151,536	170,910	159,057	139,367	-6.9	-12.4
	Import	254,391	370,822	470,872	513,813	547,236	457,979	6.5	-16.3
	Balance			-319,517	-342,903	-388,179	-318612	13.2	-100.0
Korea	Export	28,639	40,082	42,914	49,283	57,617	57,887	16.9	0.5
	Import	44,217	49,762	70,389	71,810	75,011	78,089	4.5	4.1
	Balance	-15,578	-9,680	-27,475	-22,527	-17,394	-20,202	-22.8	16.1
Taiwan	Export	22,794	26,975	26,546	26,294	31,168	31,836	18.5	2.1
	Import	35,350	36,016	39,198	42,442	45,750	54,298	7.8	18.7
	Balance	-12,556	-9,041	-12,652	-16,148	-14,582	-22,462	-9.7	54.0
Singapore	Export	20,755	29,079	26,447	29,314	32,393	31,269	10.5	-3.5
	Import	15,557	18,454	17,784	19,322	26,414	26,094	36.7	-1.2
	Balance	5,198	10,625	8,663	9,992	5,979	5,175	-40.2	-13.4
Indonesia	Export	3,054	6,948	6,024	6,864	8,171	7,733	19.0	-5.4
	Import	12,014	16,478	19,184	20,205	20,829	20,147	3.1	-3.3
	Balance	-8,960	-9,530	-13,160	-13,341	-12,658	-12,414	-5.1	-1.9
Malaysia	Export	10,461	14,080	11,774	12,872	12,952	13,192	0.6	1.8
	Import	33,685	25,901	36,607	37,369	39,354	40,567	5.3	3.1
	Balance	-23,224	-11,821	-24,820	-24,497	-26,402	#REF!	7.8	#REF!
Thailand	Export	7,257	8,976	10,501	11,033	12,521	13,299	13.5	6.2
	Import	19,890	22,694	29,484	31,109	31,863	33,447	2.4	5.0
	Balance	-12,633	-13,717	-18,983	-20,075	-19,342	-20,148	-3.7	4.2
Philippine	Export	6,895	7,377	8,194	8,451	8,716	8,642	3.1	-0.8
	Import	9,250	7,892	10,042	11,623	12,592	12,778	8.3	1.5
	Balance	-2,355	-515	-1,849	-3,172	-3,875	-4,136	22.2	6.7
ASEAN 5	Export	41,562	59,119	54,783	60,119	66,072	65,528	9.9	-0.8
	Import	90,397	91,419	113,102	119,628	131,050	133,033	9.5	1.5
	Balance	-48,834	-32,300	-58,319	-59,509	-64,978	-67,505	9.2	3.9
India	Export	8,014	19,345	21,692	25,683	33,567	34,536	30.7	2.9
	Import	18,896	29,683	46,117	48,643	54,460	57,762	12.0	6.1
	Balance	-10,882	-10,338	-24,425	-22,960	-20,893	-23,226	-9.0	11.2
Australia	Export	15,536	21,720	22,225	24,624	25,547	26,228	3.7	2.7
	Import	7,454	8,815	9,634	10,192	10,290	11,018	1.0	7.1
	Balance	8,082	12,905	12,591	14,432	15,257	15,210	5.7	-0.3
Canada	Export	212,340	250,283	267,235	283,070	300,158	293,301	6.0	-2.3
	Import	294,216	281,822	283,538	305,292	325,017	325,761	6.5	0.2
	Balance	-81,876	-31,539	-16,303	-22,222	-24,859	-32,460	11.9	30.6
Mexico	Export	120,444	163,757	230,520	244,018	265,999	256,860	9.0	-3.4
	Import	173,771	232,804	299,852	318,489	352,583	364,461	10.7	3.4
	Balance	-53,327	-69,047	-69,332	-74,471	-86,584	-107,601	16.3	24.3
Brazil	Export	15,343	35,348	30,139	37,369	39,461	42,716	5.6	8.2
	Import	24,572	24,200	24,609	27,942	30,152	30,806	7.9	2.2
	Balance	-9,229	11,148	5,530	9,427	9,309	11,910	-1.3	27.9
Saudi Arabia	Export	6,903	11,462	18,007	16,327	13,601	14,349	-16.7	5.5
	Import	27,204	31,485	16,988	18,915	24,124	13,451	27.5	-44.2
	Balance	-20,301	-20,023	1,019	-2,588	-10,523	898	306.6	-108.5
France	Export	22,612	27,353	31,300	33,689	36,749	37,883	9.1	3.1
	Import	34,312	38,817	47,045	49,290	52,834	57,903	7.2	9.6
	Balance	-11,700	-11,464	-15,745	-15,601	-16,085	-20,020	3.1	24.5
Germany	Export	34,874	48,482	49,540	54,114	57,779	60,064	6.8	4.0
	Import	85,733	83,505	114,556	117,922	125,206	127,804	6.2	2.1
	Balance	-50,859	-35,023	-65,016	-63,808	-67,427	-67,740	5.7	0.5
Italy	Export	11,627	14,393	16,777	18,466	22,925	23,882	24.1	4.2
	Import	31,293	28,797	45,471	50,076	54,951	57,496	9.7	4.6
	Balance	-19,666	-14,404	-28,694	-31,610	-32,026	-33,614	1.3	5.0
UK	Export	38,870	49,080	56,566	66,698	69,664	69,078	4.4	-0.8
	Import	51,826	52553	54,940	53,910	61,461	63,795	14.0	3.8
	Balance	-12,956	-3,473	1,626	12,788	8,203		-35.9	-100.0
Russia	Export	3,962	5,994	5,831	7,003	6,658	5,785	-4.9	-13.1
	Import	16,307	25,691	14,542	17,055	20,858	22,260	22.3	6.7
	Balance	-12,344	-19,697	-8,711	-10,053	-14,200	-16,475	41.3	16.0
Vietnam	Export	1,193	3,706	10,098	8,134	9,676	10,860	19.0	12.2
	Import	6,631	14,868	42,086	46,477	49,159	66,610	5.8	35.5
	Balance	-5,438	-11,162	-31,987	-38,343	-39,483	-55,749	3.0	41.2
	Export	22,926	26,090	29,374	32,509	34,852	38,123	7.2	9.4
Euro	Import	51,901	58,542	86,519	94,115	109,531	113,245	16.4	3.4
	Balance	-28,975	-32,452	-57,145	-61,606	-74,679	-75,122	21.2	0.6

		2010	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2016	2017	2018	2019
I	Live animals, fish, dairy	1,963	2,103	2,006	2,007	2,060	1,619	-4.6	0.0	2.6	-21.4
II	Vegetable products	989	1,442	1,578	1,594	1,535	1,328	9.5	1.0	-3.7	-13.5
III	Animal, vegetable oil	57	86	76	84	88	87	-12.2	11.2	4.7	-1.2
IV	Beverages, tabacco	2,690	3,584	3,572	3,828	4,389	3,243	-0.3	7.2	14.7	-26.1
V	Mineral, ores, oils	1,229	1,336	1,587	1,623	1,706	1,252	18.8	2.2	5.1	-26.6
VI	Chemicals, fertilizers	9,155	12,549	11,830	13,947	16,734	11,369	-5.7	17.9	20.0	-32.1
VII	Plastics, rubber	10,482	17,990	16,315	18,535	21,985	19,417	-9.3	13.6	18.6	-11.7
VIII	Leather, skin	5,593	7,939	6,490	6,824	7,129	5,370	-18.3	5.1	4.5	-24.7
IX	Wood,cork, charcoal	2,766	4,103	4,116	3,987	4,286	3,302	0.3	-3.1	7.5	-22.9
X	Pulp, paper	2,438	4,548	3,720	4,139	4,788	4,572	-18.2	11.3	15.7	-4.5
XI	Textile, clothing, silk	31,444	44,774	42,116	42,446	45,810	42,623	-5.9	0.8	7.9	-7.0
XII	Footware, umbrellas	13,317	18,486	15,816	15,963	16,681	16,161	-14.4	0.9	4.5	-3.1
XIII	Stone, glass, ceramic	3,839	8,433	6,400	7,338	8,706	7,085	-24.1	14.7	18.6	-18.6
XIV	Jewerry, pearl	2,054	4,207	3,724	3,587	3,140	3,079	-11.5	-3.7	-12.5	-1.9
XV	Base metals	15,021	23,206	19,685	22,511	24,744	21,126	-15.2	14.4	9.9	-14.6
72	Iron & Steel	958	1,495	536	598	673	508	-64.2	11.6	12.6	-24.5
XVI	Machinery, Electronics	132,874	179,533	172,440	198,539	222,188	192,607	-4.0	15.1	11.9	-13.3
84	Machinery & parts	71,633	84,352	79,376	91,645	102,817	86,465	-5.9	15.5	12.2	-15.9
85	Electrical machinery, parts	61,241	95,180	93,064	106,894	119,372	106,142	-2.2	14.9	11.7	-11.1
XVII	Vehicles, airpcraft,vessels	10,438	16,955	16,804	19,684	23,001	17,406	-0.9	17.1	16.9	-24.3
XVIII	Optical, clocks, musical insr	7,658	11,005	10,878	10,640	11,530	14,298	-1.1	-2.2	8.4	24.0
XIX	Arms, amunition	61	109	88	82	97	83				-14.5
XX	Miscellaneous	29,047	47,025	45,352	51,034	56,289	50,558	-3.6	12.5	10.3	-10.2
XXI	Works of art, antiques	39	121	55	40	71	76				7.6
XXII	Commodities not classified	151	6	436	1,324	1,405	2,012				43.2
	Total	283,304	409,538	385,085	429,755	478,364	418,673	-6.0	11.6	11.3	-12.5
I	Live animals, fish, dairy	0.7	0.5	0.5	0.5	0.4	0.4
II	Vegetable products	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.3
III	Animal, vegetable oil	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
IV	Beverages, tabacco	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.9	0.8
V	Mineral, ores, oils	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.4	0.3
VI	Chemicals, fertilizers	3.2	3.1	3.1	3.2	3.5	2.7
VII	Plastics, rubber	3.7	4.4	4.2	4.3	4.6	4.6
VIII	Leather, skin	2.0	1.9	1.7	1.6	1.5	1.3
IX	Wood,cork, charcoal	1.0	1.0	1.1	0.9	0.9	0.8
X	Pulp, paper	0.9	1.1	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.1
XI	Textile, clothing, silk	11.1	10.9	10.9	9.9	9.6	10.2
XII	Footware, umbrellas	4.7	4.5	4.1	3.7	3.5	3.9
XIII	Stone, glass, ceramic	1.4	2.1	1.7	1.7	1.8	1.7
XIV	Jewerry, pearl	0.7	1.0	1.0	0.8	0.7	0.7
XV	Base metals	5.3	5.7	5.1	5.2	5.2	5.0
72	Iron & Steel	0.3	0.4	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
XVI	Machinery, Electronics	46.9	43.8	44.8	46.2	46.4	46.0
84	Machinery & parts	25.3	20.6	20.6	21.3	21.5	20.7
85	Electrical machinery, parts	21.6	23.2	24.2	24.9	25.0	25.4
XVII	Vehicles, airpcraft,vessels	3.7	4.1	4.4	4.6	4.8	4.2
XVIII	Optical, clocks, musical insr	2.7	2.7	2.8	2.5	2.4	3.4
XIX	Arms, amunition	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
XX	Miscellaneous	10.3	11.5	11.8	11.9	11.8	12.1
XXI	Works of art, antiques	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
XXII	Commodities not classified	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.3	0.3	0.5
	Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0

I	Live animals, fish, dairy	1,475	2,030	2,782	3,056	2,253	2,124	9.9	-26.3	-5.7
II	Vegetable products	12,354	16,423	16,650	16,962	9,499	8,526	1.9	-44.0	-10.2
III	Animal, vegetable oil	280	68	149	139	106	97	-7.2	-23.5	-8.1
IV	Beverages, tabacco	1,557	3,641	2,624	1,768	2,336	1,901	-32.6	32.1	-18.6
V	Mineral, ores, oils	3,294	4,568	3,840	9,045	11,991	4,661	135.5	32.6	-61.1
VI	Chemicals, fertilizers	10,903	12,656	12,530	14,577	16,487	15,279	16.3	13.1	-7.3
VII	Plastics, rubber	7,387	7,442	7,153	8,147	8,244	7,045	13.9	1.2	-14.5
VIII	Leather, skin	1,101	1,671	1,285	1,258	977	666	-2.1	-22.3	-31.8
IX	Wood,cork, charcoal	1,186	2,221	2,516	3,070	3,082	1,580	22.0	0.4	-48.7
X	Pulp, paper	4,496	5,309	5,064	5,742	5,019	3,681	13.4	-12.6	-26.6
XI	Textile, clothing, silk	3,058	1,982	1,277	1,841	1,889	1,367	44.2	2.6	-27.6
XII	Footware, umbrellas	92	114	126	116	176	263	-7.3	51.5	49.0
XIII	Stone, glass, ceramic	882	1,167	1,289	1,254	1,408	1,456	-2.8	12.3	3.4
XIV	Jewerry, pearl	259	5,996	2,694	5,289	4,423	651	96.3	-16.4	-85.3
XV	Base metals	6,505	5,759	4,593	5,471	5,699	4,301	19.1	4.2	-24.5
72	Iron & Steel	939	285	225	369	422	277	64.0	14.4	-34.5
XVI	Machinery, Electronics	28,721	35,423	30,360	33,877	38,030	37,590	11.6	12.3	-1.2
84	Machinery & parts	13,569	15,826	14,504	16,494	18,307	17,362	13.7	11.0	-5.2
85	Electrical machinery, parts	15,152	19,597	15,855	17,383	19,722	20,229	9.6	13.5	2.6
XVII	Vehicles, airpcraft,vessels	10,426	30,261	27,345	29,280	29,227	17,860	7.1	-0.2	-38.9
XVIII	Optical, clocks, musical insr	7,008	11,343	11,173	11,757	13,219	12,390	5.2	12.4	-6.3
XIX	Arms, amunition	1	0	1	1	1	0
XX	Miscellaneous	302	605	564	537	628	568	-4.7	16.8	-9.4
XXI	Works of art, antiques	4	16	20	11	27	63
XXII	Commodities not classified	745	42	367	745	377	642
	Total	102,036	148,737	134,402	153,943	155,097	122,714	14.5	0.7	-20.9
I	Live animals, fish, dairy	1.4	1.4	2.1	2.0	1.5	1.7
II	Vegetable products	12.1	11.0	12.4	11.0	6.1	6.9
III	Animal, vegetable oil	0.3	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1
IV	Beverages, tabacco	1.5	2.4	2.0	1.1	1.5	1.5
V	Mineral, ores, oils	3.2	3.1	2.9	5.9	7.7	3.8
VI	Chemicals, fertilizers	10.7	8.5	9.3	9.5	10.6	12.5
VII	Plastics, rubber	7.2	5.0	5.3	5.3	5.3	5.7
VIII	Leather, skin	1.1	1.1	1.0	0.8	0.6	0.5
IX	Wood,cork, charcoal	1.2	1.5	1.9	2.0	2.0	1.3
X	Pulp, paper	4.4	3.6	3.8	3.7	3.2	3.0
XI	Textile, clothing, silk	3.0	1.3	1.0	1.2	1.2	1.1
XII	Footware, umbrellas	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2
XIII	Stone, glass, ceramic	0.9	0.8	1.0	0.8	0.9	1.2
XIV	Jewerry, pearl	0.3	4.0	2.0	3.4	2.9	0.5
XV	Base metals	6.4	3.9	3.4	3.6	3.7	3.5
72	Iron & Steel	0.9	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.2
XVI	Machinery, Electronics	28.1	23.8	22.6	22.0	24.5	30.6
84	Machinery & parts	13.3	10.6	10.8	10.7	11.8	14.1
85	Electrical machinery, parts	14.8	13.2	11.8	11.3	12.7	16.5
XVII	Vehicles, airpcraft,vessels	10.2	20.3	20.3	19.0	18.8	14.6
XVIII	Optical, clocks, musical insr	6.9	7.6	8.3	7.6	8.5	10.1
XIX	Arms, amunition	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
XX	Miscellaneous	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.5
XXI	Works of art, antiques	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.1
XXII	Commodities not classified	0.7	0.0	0.3	0.5	0.2	0.5
	Total	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0

2. Free Trade With China Wasn't Such a Great Idea for the U.S.